The SESAR vision is to make Europe the most efficient and environmentally sustainable airspace by 2045, in line with the European Green Deal and the EU’s Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy. While long-term technological shifts such as electric and hydrogen propulsion will reduce aviation’s environmental footprint, near-term measures are needed to address both CO₂ and non-CO₂ emissions, the latter being more complex and impactful.

The FairSky project will develop a decision-support framework to assess and compare regulatory instruments, such as route charge modulation or the inclusion of non-CO₂ emissions in the emissions trading scheme. The framework integrates four components: optimised trajectory generation, network incentive modelling, assessment of operational, economic and climate impacts, and a dashboard to visualise trade-offs. By explicitly accounting for uncertainties around non-CO₂ effects, FairSky enables robust evaluation of regulatory options and supports stakeholder engagement, ultimately helping policymakers accelerate aviation’s climate impact reduction.