The proposed solution consists of two complementary elements. The first is the air-to-ground integration SPO CONOPS, which defines a concept of operations for single pilot operations, integrating air-to-ground communication and procedures. It provides a structured framework to directly support the monitoring and management of pilot incapacitation, ensuring a safe transition if the sole pilot becomes unable to operate the aircraft.

The second element is a technology enabler: pilot cognitive state monitoring, which involves real-time monitoring of the pilot’s cognitive state using sensors or other assessment tools. This enables early detection of potential incapacitation and allows the system to trigger appropriate assistance or intervention, supporting the pilot and maintaining safe aircraft handling.

Together, these elements deliver an integrated air-to-ground SPO CONOPS, combining operational procedures with technological support to enhance the safe return-to-land process in single-pilot operations.